Hihy Health
Encyclopedia

Atlantoaxial Instability (Cervical Instability)

#cervical instability, #first cervical vertebra (C1), #second cervical vertebra (C2), #cervical disc herniation, #cervical spine surgery, #rheumatoid arthritis, #cervical fusion, #spinal cord, #numbness in hands and feet, #arm numbness, #tingling leg, #weakness in arms and legs, #difficulty moving one side of the body, #anxious feeling in the chest, #restlessness, #worrying for no reason

Cervical instability (atlantoaxial instability) is a condition in which the connection between the first and second neck bones (cervical vertebrae) becomes loose and allows excessive movement. Mild cases may cause no symptoms, but as it progresses it can compress the spinal cord and lead to serious nerve damage. It is relatively common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Please be sure to decide on an accurate diagnosis and treatment approach through a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

#COPD, #chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, #airway obstruction, #smoking, #pulmonary function test, #bronchodilator, #smoking cessation, #emphysema, #dry cough, #persistent minor cough, #cough that will not stop

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease in which the airways (the passages through which air travels) gradually narrow, making breathing difficult. The leading cause is smoking. Airways that have narrowed are mostly not restored, so early detection and smoking cessation are especially important. If cough, sputum, or shortness of breath persists, please consult a pulmonology and allergy specialist.

2026-06-26

Diabetic Retinopathy

#Diabetic retinopathy, #Macular edema, #Retina, #Neovascularization, #Vitreous hemorrhage, #Retinal detachment, #Diabetes complications, #Fundus exam, #OCT, #Vision loss, #Blindness, #Body swelling, #Face swelling, #Leg swelling, #Swollen hands and feet, #Blurry eyes, #Trouble seeing, #Blurred vision

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition in which prolonged high blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels and nerve tissue of the retina, the light-sensing layer inside the eye. About 15 to 30% of diabetic patients in Korea have this condition, and it is important to have an annual eye exam even without symptoms. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the three leading causes of blindness in Korea, so early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to protecting your vision.

2026-06-26

Esophageal Cancer

#esophageal cancer, #esophagus, #Barrett's esophagus, #esophagectomy, #chemotherapy, #radiation, #alcohol abstinence, #smoking cessation, #esophageal cancer prevention

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the esophagus. It can be difficult to detect in the early stages, and the earlier it is found, the better the treatment outcomes tend to be. Reducing risk factors and getting regular screening are important, and if you have any unusual symptoms, please consult a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Esophageal Diseases (Reflux Esophagitis and Esophageal Cancer)

#esophagus, #reflux esophagitis, #esophageal cancer, #heartburn, #reflux, #sphincter, #smoking cessation, #digestive system, #chest ache, #pain in the chest, #chest tightness, #stuffy feeling in the chest, #dry cough, #persistent cough, #cough that won't stop

The esophagus is a tube about 25 cm long that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer are the main esophageal diseases. If you have symptoms such as heartburn, acid regurgitation (a sour taste rising into the throat), or a feeling that food is getting stuck, please consult a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Gallbladder Cancer

#gallbladder cancer, #bile duct cancer, #gallbladder, #gallstones, #cholecystitis, #abdominal ultrasound, #jaundice, #laparoscopy, #stomachache, #tummy ache, #bellyache, #pain inside the abdomen, #feeling of indigestion (food stuck), #bloated feeling in the stomach, #poor digestion

The gallbladder is a small pouch that temporarily stores the digestive fluid (bile) made in the liver. Gallbladder cancer, a malignant tumor that develops there, causes no obvious symptoms until the disease is quite advanced, which makes early detection very difficult. If you have persistent indigestion or abdominal pain, please do not dismiss it on your own; be sure to consult a medical specialist for an examination and detailed tests.

2026-06-26

Glaucoma

#glaucoma, #optic nerve, #intraocular pressure, #visual field loss, #normal-tension glaucoma, #how to use eye drops, #headache, #splitting headache, #migraine, #pain at the back of the head, #lack of energy, #listlessness, #persistent tiredness

Glaucoma is a disease in which the optic nerve inside the eye is gradually damaged by high intraocular pressure or other factors, causing the visual field to narrow progressively. There are almost no symptoms in the early stage, so detection can be delayed, and rather than a cure, lifelong consistent management is important. Detecting it early through regular checkups and starting treatment is the best way to help prevent blindness.

2026-06-26

Liver Cancer: Key Questions

#liver cancer, #hepatocellular carcinoma, #cirrhosis, #hepatitis B, #hepatitis C, #hepatectomy, #liver transplantation, #Milan criteria, #ascites, #jaundice, #transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)

Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells that make up the liver. Because there are almost no symptoms in the early stage, it is often found incidentally during health checkups. Regular checkups are especially important for people with chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol-related liver disease. The treatment method and prognosis differ depending on each patient's condition, so please consult a medical specialist before making any decisions.

2026-06-26

Macular Degeneration

#macular degeneration, #macula, #retina, #decreased vision, #eye injection, #dry macular degeneration, #wet macular degeneration, #lutein, #blurry vision, #difficulty seeing, #hazy vision

Macular degeneration is a condition in which the macula — the central part of the retina — is damaged, leading to decreased vision. In severe cases it can lead to blindness, but early detection and consistent treatment can help slow its progression. If you are 50 or older, please have regular retinal examinations.

2026-06-26

Malignant Melanoma

#malignant melanoma, #melanoma, #skin cancer, #melanin, #skin, #mole, #pigment

Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumor that develops from melanocytes in the skin or mucous membranes. Melanocytes are the cells that produce skin pigment. Its prognosis tends to be the poorest among skin cancers, so early detection is very important. If you notice any unusual change in your skin, please be sure to consult a dermatologist.

2026-06-26

Metabolic Syndrome

#Metabolic syndrome, #Insulin resistance, #Abdominal obesity, #Visceral fat, #High blood sugar, #High blood pressure, #Dyslipidemia, #Triglycerides, #HDL cholesterol, #Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

Metabolic syndrome refers to having at least 3 of the following conditions together: high blood sugar, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Having metabolic syndrome raises the risk of serious conditions such as heart attack, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. It can be effectively prevented and managed through early detection and lifestyle changes, so please check your own status through regular health checkups and evaluation by a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Osteoporosis

#osteoporosis, #bone density, #compression fracture, #menopause, #calcium, #vitamin D, #bisphosphonates, #fall prevention, #vertebral fracture, #femoral fracture, #dry cough, #persistent cough, #cough that won't stop

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weaker and can break easily even from a minor impact. There are often no symptoms, and it is frequently discovered only after a fracture occurs. The risk is higher in postmenopausal women and older adults, so regular bone density testing and preventive lifestyle habits are important. Please be sure to discuss treatment options with a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Pancreatic Cancer

#pancreatic cancer, #chemotherapy, #abdominal CT, #jaundice, #chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic cancer is cancer that develops in the pancreas, an organ located deep within the body. Because it produces few early symptoms, it is often found at a later stage. Please do not attempt to self-diagnose using an online encyclopedia; if you notice any concerning symptoms, be sure to see a gastroenterology or hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery specialist.

2026-06-26

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

#PTSD, #post-traumatic stress, #trauma, #psychological first aid, #PFA, #depression, #sleep disorder, #anxious feeling, #nervousness, #worrying for no reason, #feeling depressed, #lack of motivation, #not wanting to do anything

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that develops after experiencing or witnessing a serious, shocking event (a traumatic event), such as a life-threatening accident, disaster, or violence. If symptoms persist, please consult a medical specialist.

2026-06-26

Prostate Disorders

#benign prostatic hyperplasia, #prostate cancer, #PSA, #difficulty urinating, #sense of incomplete bladder emptying, #nocturia, #hematuria, #acute urinary retention, #kidney failure, #men's health, #urinating frequently, #frequent trips to the bathroom, #blood in urine, #red urine, #bloody urine

Prostate disorders include benign prostatic hyperplasia, which causes difficulty urinating, and prostate cancer, which is increasing rapidly among men. Both conditions tend to have few or mild symptoms in their early stages, making them easy to overlook, but if left unaddressed, they can lead to serious complications such as urinary retention or kidney failure. If you have any urinary symptoms, please be sure to consult a medical specialist.

2026-06-26